

NÚMERO 44, octubre-noviembre 2003 |
En este artículo los autores señalan los primeros descubrimientos y objetivos de su reciente viaje de investigación a Chipre. En especial, describen los tres grupos de gitanos existentes en esta isla: los ghurbeti, o gitanos musulmanes de habla turca; los mandu, o gitanos cristianos de habla griega; y los romanlar, los gitanos de Anatolia de habla turca. Estos tres grupos también hablan dialectos del "ghurbetcha" (khurbetçi), y del "romançe" (romanò) en menor grado. Los términos "ghurbeti" y "mandi" son nombres usados por los propios gitanos, mientras que otros como "kilinjiri", "yiftos", "tsiganos", "khoulliphoi" e incluso "atsingani" son términos peyorativos que les dedican las comunidades turca y griega de Chipre. Los autores han evitado hacer uso del término romà, ya que los gitanos chipriotas que conocieron no lo utilizaban, puesto que este vocabulario dificultaba su compleja idea de origen. Así, mantienen el uso del término "gitanos" siguiendo el extendido uso político hacia los romà , sinti, dom, lom, travellers, bhurukamin, yenische, zabaleen y otros pueblos que pueden identificarse con un estilo de vida y una cultura "gitana". |
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| The Gypsies in Cyprus, Adrian Marsh and Elin Strand | |
In this article the authors outline the preliminary findings from our recent research trip to Cyprus, the aims and objectives. They will particularly describe the three groups of Gypsies present on the island, the Ghurbeti or Turkish-speaking Muslim Gypsies, the Mandi or Greek-speaking Christian Gypsies and the Romanlar, Turkish-speaking Gypsies from Anatolia. All of these groups also speak dialects of "Ghurbetcha" (Khurbetçý), "Romançe" (Romani) to a greater or lesser extent. The terms "Ghurbeti" and "Mandi" are self-appellations, others like "Kilinjiri", "Yiftos", "Tsiganos", "Khoulliphoi" and even "Atsingani" being ascribed, pejorative terms applied by the surrounding Turkish and Greek-Cypriot communities. We have avoided the use of the ethnonym "Roma" or "Rroma", as the Cypriot Gypsies that we met did not use it. Such terminology would obscure their complex notion of origins. We retain the use of the term "Gypsies", as a conscious reclamation of this description, following wider political usage for Romany, Sinti, Dom, Lom, Travellers, Bhurukamin, Yenische, Zabaleen and other peoples who may be identified by aspects of a "Gypsy-like" life-style and culture. We also refer to groups such as Tahtacz and Abdallar, both in fact Alawite groups, but differing in their social relationship to each other and the wider society. The contentious debate about Alevi identities and Gypsy identity will be discussed in so far as it is illuminated by particular evidence from Cyprus. We refer to scholars and researchers working in Cyprus, including the major centre for research into the Middle Eastern Dom Gypsies, the DRC. The previous and scanty research about the Gypsies of Cyprus has been either embedded in the colonialist discourse of scientific racism or hampered by the romanticism of Gypsylorism, almost without exception. The newspaper coverage has in the main, produced a deeply unsympathetic and misinformed picture of the difficulties for Cypriot Gypsies, reminiscent of wider European reportage and we refer to these articles throughout. The official view from the Greek-Cypriot government is most widely represented through the Cypriot press; that of the Turkish-Cypriot administration is more ambiguous and less well reported. |
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| Le roma katar Chipre, Adrian Marsh thàj Elin Strand | |
Ande akava artiklo le avtòre semnen le yekhte putcherdipe thàj objektive katar lèsko nevo dromaripen katar rodipen ka Chipre. Ande uzalutno, makaren le trin grùpe katar roma sinelare ande akaia inzelo: le ghurbeti, ja roma musulmàne katar tchib turkikani ; le mandi, ja roma bolde katar tchib grekani ; thàj le romanlar, le roma katar Anatolia katar tchib turkikani. Akala trin grùpe vi arakeren dialekte katar "ghurbetcha" (khurbetç), thàj katar "romançe" (romanò) ande tchinòder gràda. Le vórbe "ghurbeti" thàj "mandi" si anava istemle vash e pèske roma, dyikaj ke avere sar "kilinjiri", "yiftos", "tsigàne", "khoulliphoi" thàj èvi "atsigani" si vórbe pejoratìve sos daven lènge le tchelia grekani thàj turkikani katar Chipre. Le avtòre nagarde te kerav istemipén katar vórba rromà, utch ke le roma chiprikane sos printcharde na so labarènas, thodo ke akava lèksiko pharèlas lèski phari mand katar arakhadjipen. Kadial, keseren o istemipén katar vórba "roma" plastarindòj o buxlevardo istemipén politikàko ap le roma, Sinti, dom, Lom, travellers, bhurukamin, Yenishe, zabaleen thàj avere dyenipe sos shaj te printcharav pe sat jekh stìlo katar traipen thàj jèkhi kultùra "romani". Vi keren niparimos ka grùpe sar le tahtacz thàj le abdallar, sos katar keripen si alawitas, ami sos kaveren pen mashkar von thàj karing ka i gadyikani tchel barodèski ande lèske niparipe sotsialne. Le avtòre sheftaren o billapèsko lavtchingaripen pa le identipe alevi thàj i identipen romani sat niparipen ka le svidetsie kendarde ande Chipre. Rodine ka le phirade thàj ka le rodutre sos keren buti othe, therdo o sherno mashkeripen katar rodipen katar le roma dom katar Dishorig , o DRC. Le farìtsa rodipe butarda and o naklipen pa le roma katar Chipre sas, pashti savaxt, therda and o vakerimos nakhelèska avri katar ratsimos dyantripnuno ja phararda per jekh "romipen" kamèsko. O sheftaripen zhurnarèsko inzardas, and i butederipen katar le sure, jèkhi slìka but tsira halovèski thàj but chorro dyanavdi katar le pharime sos dukhaven le roma chiprikane, keripen so reperel ka le dyanavipe kerde ende Europa, thàj le avtòre keren niparimos ka akala dyanavipe ande akava artiklo. I alialipen katar raipen grekano katar Chipre si buxles bitchardi and i zhurnal chiprikano; i katar i administratsia turkikani si màj zalisaró thàj si bi dyanavipen k o karing. |
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Ina Zoon analiza en este artículo la precaria situación de la vivienda que sufre la comunidad gitana de España. Aunque la Constitución reconoce el derecho de los ciudadanos de gozar de una vivienda digna, y todas las Comunidades Autónomas tienen sus propias competencias, sólo algunas han tomado medidas legislativas que aseguren este derecho constitucional. El 85% de la población gitana es sedentaria, pero gran parte vive en infraviviendas y pocos tienen su propia vivienda, comparado con la sociedad mayoritaria. No todos los romà viven en chabolas, pero los barrios de chabolas están habitados casi exclusivamente por gitanos. |
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| The right to proper housing, Ina Zoon | |
Ina Zoon analyses in this article the housing conditions that Gypsies suffer in Spain. Although the Constitution provides the right of every person to have a proper house and every autonomous region has its own competencies in this area, the fact is that some of them have never taken any measures to ensure this constitutional right. 85% of the Gypsy population in Spain are settled. A high percentage of those live under sub-standard conditions and only a few have a house of their own, especially when compared to wider society. Not all Gypsies live in shacks, but shanty towns are almost exclusively inhabited by Roma. During the 80s and 90s, many autonomous regions and local authorities elaborated programmes to eliminate shacks and relocated Gypsies in "temporary houses" -basic buildings or even sub-standard houses built for the occasion- in the outskirts of the cities. Although it was a temporary measure until the authorities built proper houses for them, the truth is that the programme was never conceived within a long-term policy, so that nowadays a great number of Gypsies still live in these temporary houses. As a consequence, the areas where these buildings were built have become ghettos that perpetuate segregation and reinforce prejudice. Moreover, Roma face another problem: many people reject the relocation of Gypsies in their neighbourhoods and show racist attitudes towards them. The housing policy is also discriminatory, as the government sets a series of requirements (minimum wages, for example) that many Gypsies cannot meet. As regards private housing, Roma often find that landlords either raise their rents or simply refuse to let their houses. These are some of the problems that the author of this article examines in detail.
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| O hakaj ka jèkhi kher svunti, Ina Zoon | |
Ina Zoon diskel ande akava artiklo i tchorori pilipen katar i kher so dukhavel i tchel romani katar Sesé. Takaj i Krisipen printcharel o hakaj katar le themutne katar te loshanav katar jèkhi kher svunti, thàj sara le tchelia meklia si len lènge pèska amte, korkòro sogoda lino musharipe thamisèska sos te ristaren akava hakaj krisàko. O 85% katar i dyenipen romani si beshèski, ami baro ulaveripen trajel ande telkhera thàj tsirre si len lèski peskeri kher, milizardo sat i gadyikani tchel barodèski. Na sa le roma trajin ande budkia, ami le pere katar budkia si beshle pashti korkes per roma. And e bèrge oxtovardesh thàj eniavardesh, bute tchelia meklia thàj raimate dizake makarden progràmi bitchade ka te eliminisarav le budkia thàj te butlodav ka le roma ande "khere katar nakhipe" khera purne thàj èvi telkhera leverde vash i vaxt pilarda and i periferia. Takaj sas jèkhi musharipen tchireskero dyi ke te leveren pen khere svunta, i tchatchipen si ke le progràmi katar butlodipen na kerde pen andre katar jèkhi politika ka lùngo tchajito, katar tchand ke and i nevimos bute roma vàzi trajin ande akala khere katar nakhipe. Sar dolèski, akala shutsibe amboldjen pen ande guetos sos delten i phageripen thàj zuraren le anglikrisipe. Vekheder, le roma dukhaven aver problemori: but dyeno niglarèla o butlodipen katar roma ande lèske pere thàj siken alialipe ratsèske mamui von. I politika katar kher vi si kaverèski, utch ke o raipen dutisarel jèkhi tapardo katar trebuskarime (potchiben tiknòder, misalake) sos le roma nàshti te archavav. Ande sòdo ka le khere privatna, le roma arakhen pen sat ke le peskane butjuren lènge o arlipuchipen ja sades negisen pen ka te arlipuchar len lèske khera. Akala si varekone katar le problemora sos i avtòri katar akava artiklo diskel sat detàjo. |
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